Method for manufacturing multi-story housing with floor-slabs, bearing walls and partitions cast on the ground level

ABSTRACT

A method of constructing multi-story buildings by the Lift-slab Method in which the floor slabs, bearing walls and partition walls if desirable are pre-cast on the ground level, in a horizontal stacked relationship, substantially in vertical alignment with their ultimate positioning in the completed structure; temporary removable columns are fixed in place, relative to said stacked floor slabs and bearing walls, which are provided with appropriate lifting means mounted on top thereof whereby each floor slab is lifted and positioned at its respective level and the bearing walls are pivoted from their horizontal positions to their permanent respective fixed vertical positons, the temporary columns thereafter are removed and the bearing walls provide the entire support for the structure.

United States Patent [191 Ljung [ill 3,892,055 [45] July 1,1975

l' l METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MULTISTORY HOUSING WITH FLOOR-SLABS, BEARING WALLS AND PARTITIONS CAST ON THE GROUND LEVEL [76] inventor: Torsten Nickolaus LJung,

Hognasvagen l5. ISI 43 Lidingo. Sweden [22] Filcd: Jan. 27, l97l [52] US. Cl. 52/745; 52Il26; 52/236 [5i 1 int. Cl. 804g 21/14; E0411 5/02 [58] Field oi Search 52/74l, 745. I26. 252.

[56] Reierences Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,852.93! 9/l958 Bonet 29/455 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 520.026 3/1955 haly 52/745 Primary Examiner-Frank L. Abbott Assistant Examiner-James L. Ridgill [57] ABSTRACT A method of constructing multi-story buildings by the Lift-slab Method in which the floor slabs. bearing walls and partition walls ii desirable are pre-cast on the ground level. in a horizontal stacked relationship. substantially in vertical alignment with their ultimate positioning in the completed structure. temporary removable columns are fixed in place. relative to said stacked floor slabs and bearing walls. which are provided with appropriate liking means mounted on top thereof whereby each floor slab is lifted and positioned at its respective level and the bearing walls are pivoted from their horizontal positions to their permanent respective i'ixed vertical positons. the temporary columns thereafter are removed and the bearing walls provide the entire support for the structure 2 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures SHEET INVENTOR. WRSTEN NICKGLAUS MUM METHOD FOR MANuFAcrurtrN'c'iuuurr-srortv walls, in ale main section HOUSING WITH FLOOR-SLABS, BEARING 1 WALLS AND PARTITIONS casr ors R u npsvan.

generally conventional form of the Lift-Slab Method, permanent columnsare'erected for-subsequent use in lifting the various floor slabs to their respective levels whereupon the slabs are permanently anchored to said columns, the columns thereby becoming the permaof the building, fully erected; I, FIG. 5 is a'vertical sectional view schematically illustrating one type of hingedconnection between the top iv-edge of the bearing wall and the immediateon top floor :--FiG.-6isa My tratingalockand'lowering mechanism for a bearing in the erection of multi-story buildings, byusingthe vertical sectional view schematically illuswall pivotally attachedto the underneath side of afioor nent bearing elements for the building. The walls, generally applied to buildings, comprising this type of basic construction, are made light and thin as they perform they save on construction material and resulting slab:

slab a'sin FIG.'

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view schematically illustrating a hinged connection between the lower edge of sharing wall and the immediate underneath floor no. a top a... view .1. lifting mechanism by which a bearing wall is automatically pivoted upwardly I from'a horizontal position to an approximate vertical no bearing function,'howeve r, light, thin walls, while weight, provide very poor insulation against sound. As

it is not economically justifiable toincrease the thickness of the walls, and the resulting weight thereof, to a degree necessary to provide for good sound insulation,

the area of use of the Lift-Slab Method has been quite limited.

Buildings, for instance, multi-story apartment buildings, where a good sound insulation is necessary between apartments, are therefore built by conventional methods, with thick, heavy walls which provide good sound insulation as well as serving as support for the floor-slabs.

In this type of construction, if the Lift-Slab Method were employed, the building would receive two expensive bearing systems which is not economically practical.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method by which buildings, such as multi-story apartment buildings, may be constructed utilizing the Lift-Slab Method while providing heavy bearing walls. Removable lifting columns are employed to accomplish the positioning of the various fioor slabs, along with their associated bearmined positions.

position when the immediate on top floor slab is lifted;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line-9-9 of FIG. 8 illustrating the lifting mechanism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD OF THE PRESENT INVENTION With reference to the drawings and particularly to FIGS. I and 2, the removable-columns 10 are illustrated installed and'positioned relative to the shape and As best illustrated in 2, the bottom floor slab i6 is formed and cast of concrete on the ground level and said floor slab 16 functions as the bottom form for the first layer of bearing walls 18 which are properly edge ing walls, at their respective floor levels and for holding a the floor slabs in their respective positions while the bearing walls are erected and permanently anchored in place. The floor slabsand bearing walls are all formed.

and cast of concrete in a stacked relation in a position to be directly, vertically elevated to their respective positions of temporary attachment to the columns. After all of the fioor slabs and their respective bearing walls, in their fixed vertical positions, have been subsequently moved to their final fixed levels in the building, the lifting columns are removed leaving the bearing walls as the sole support ofthe building.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a schematic top plan view of a stack of cast floor slabs and bearing walls, and the temporary lifting columns which are used to lift the floor slabs and bearing walls to their respective floor levels;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view taken on line 2-2 of FIG. I,

FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevational view of a typical building being constructed according to the method of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevational view similar to FIG. 3 illustrating all of the floor slabs and bearing formed to the desired dimensions. After the first layer of bearing walls is cast, subsequent layers of alternating floor slab and bearing walls are pre-cast in a stacked horizontal relation. All voids such as 20 and 22 are enclosed by appropriate forms which, along with other appropriate edge forms, are provided asthe pre-casting of alternating levels of fioor slabs and bearing walls progresses upwardly until the desired number of floor slabs and associated bearing walls is completed as determined by the number of fioor levels in the building under construction.

An appropriate release compound 23 is provided between each of the above-described alternating layers of fioor slabs and bearing walls as well as around the surfaces of the temporary columns 10 which come in contact with the concrete. it may be desirable to form the floor slabsslightly away from the columns 10.

Beams 24, if desirable, may be fixed in spanning relation to the tops of the columns 10 as illustrated in FIG. 2 to support a temporary roof enclosure 25.

Referring to FIG. 3, conventional lifting means 26 such as jacks are schematically illustrated fixed to the upper distal ends of each lilting column 10 and the columns 10 are preferably hollow with vertical side slots 28 and 30 as illustrated in FIG. 8 whereby any type 01 conventional lifting rods. cables or the like may be extended vertically downwardly from the lifting means 2t through the columns I0 for attachment to the IIOOl slabs or bearing walls through slots 28 and 30 to pro vide for vertical movement thereof.

with further reference'to FIG. 3.lifting beams 32 are I illustrated schematically attached-to the upper two disea e... is assist... to have the bearing walls pivot downwardly to vertical positions as indicated by floor slabs 34*and 36 which have been lifted by the liftf ing means 26 to-the top of the columns where they.

In like are temporarily anchored to said columnsll).

manner the floor slabs 38 and 40 havebeen lifted and similarly anchored to the columns 10 at a pointintermessa e in the wall 35.'A mortar bed 85 may also be used toseal the connection. lfdesirable a welded conmediate the height of thebuildingsThe associated bearing walls 35. 39. 4i etc. as illustrated remain inhorizontal positions.'either sandwiched inbetween .or on top of the floor slabs 34.36. 38'and 40.".

The lower' floor slab 42. 44 and 46jfare V illustrated FIG. 3 at their predetermined levels with their associnectionfjmay be provided in the same manner as illus- "trated forthe bottom eonnectionin FlG. -7.'.

ated bearing walls fixed in their respective vertical load bearing positions. The next operation as viewed infFlG. 3 will be to attach the various horizontallydisposed? bearing walls 41 to the floor slab 38 lnamannerby which said walls 41 willautomatically,:be'erected totheir approximate vertical positions when the'fioor slab 38is lifted a suitable distance. The ends'50 of the bearand when the floor slab 38- is lifted. the bearing walls 41 are pivoted upwardly on the floor slab 40. In this upper, face of the slab 12,

general manner the bearing walls 41 are vertically posi-.

tioned between the fioor slabs 38 and-40 as seen in FIG.

the bearing walls 39 and attached thereto in a manner whereby the walls 39 are automatically pivoted'upwardly when slab 36 is lifted. The walls 39assumetheir vertical positions as seenin FIG. 4 inthe same manner walls 35 which are pivotally attached to the underside of slab 34 are pivoted'downwardly 'as shown in FIG. 4. The liftingbeams areutilized to distribute the lifting forces on the concrete slabs in approximately the same manner as the reactions from the slabs on the bearing walls in the finished building. thus'thelfioor slabs are designed only for the loads imposed thereon by the finished building without additional reinforcing for lifting purposes.

With reference to FIG. 7. the bearing wall 14 is illustrated hinged to a floor slab 12 by hinge means 60 including one end portion 62 embedded in the wall 14 and a second end portion 64 embedded in the slab 12 whereby the wall 14 may be pivoted from its horizontal position illustrated in dot-dash lines 14" to the vertical position illustrated in full lines. Rigid connecting means may be provided between'the lower end of the wall 14 and the slab 12 by welding. asillustratedlat 64, a U- shaped channel 66. cast on the lower end of said wall. to members such as the angle irons 68 east in the floor slab. A mortar bed 70 may also be provided to seat the wall 14 on the slab 12. The hinges 60. channels 64 and angle irons 68 are all placed in the'initial casting of the walls 14 and slabs 12.

After the bearing walls 14 have been fixed in their vertical positions as described. the lifting rods or cables may be fixed to the walls for elevating one complete floor slab and associated bearing walltassembly to its predetermined elevation. The hinge means 60 preferably extends across the width of the lower end of the bearing walls 14 to distribute the lifting forces In the same manner as provided by the lifting beams 32.

FIG. 5 illustrates a hinged connection 74 between a slab 12 such as the roof slab 34 in FIG. 4 and bearing Next. the lifting beams 32 areremoved from the floorslab 38 and fioor slab 36 is lowered into contact with wall 14 upwardlythrough'a clearanc e hole88 in ,the slab 12. Lock "means 89 is fixed to the cable 87 against the FIG. 6'illufstrates schematically one rneans of providing alock and lowering arrangemeht86 wherebya wall is' maintained in a horizontalposition; beneath a concrete slab 12 such as occurs in FIG. 3 afierthe floor slab 36 is lowered. A cable or red 87 is embedded in adjacent its future lower end and extends the removal of which permits the wall to swing downwardly about'a pivot iasillus- .20 l ing walls 41 are pivotally attached to the floor slab .40

tra ted in FIG. 5. Controlledswinging' movement may be provided by attaching'a winch or. other type of controlmeans to the cable vor rod 87. v

FIGS. 8 and 9illustrate one method by which the bearing walls 14. which'are normally horizontally disposed as at l4'- between a pairol fioor slabs 12. may be automatically erected to substantially vertical positions tion along both upper edges of each slotj90. Trolley de- ,vices 96 are operably disposed on the rails, each one of as described relative to walls 41.'In'the final step the- I which provides a link.98 having a hooked lower end through the slot 90-for attachment. as at 102 to the -'As illustrated in FIG. 9,.when t beuppper fioor slab.

I illustrated in dot dash lines at 12"is disposed on top of the horizontal wall section 14'. the hooked lower end of the trolley link 98 is attached to the future upper endof the wall 14' as at 102'. It is to be noted that the rails 92 and 94 are downwardly inclined so that when the fioor slab is raised from the position illustrated at 12' to the upper full line position 12a. the trolley 96 will automatically travel down the inclined railsand pivot the wall 14 about its lower hinged end to a substantially vertical position ss indicated by the arrow In smaller buildings according to the method of the instantinvention. the top slab 12 is lifted to the top of the columns 10 and temporarily anchored inplaceand the bearing walls 14 of the next floor slab 12 to be lifted are pivoted upwardly to their vertical positions and fixed in place as described relative to FIG. 7. The erected bearing walls are connected to the lifting rods or cables and the floor slab andbearing wall assembly is lified to its predetermined level and anchored temporarily to the columns 10. The procedure is repeated until all concrete slabs and their associated erected walls are parked slightly above their approximate final elevation in the building. In the final step. the floor slabs are successively disconnected from the columns. beginning with the lowermost slab. and lowered slightly to their final fixed positions until all levels of fioor slabs and connecting bearing walls are in place.

lifted in stages whereby the floor slabs are -parke d an and bearing walls of each floor level, progressing' up wardly, are lowered into place and the beuring'wallsl' erected as by the arrangement described relativ'eito.

FIGS. 8 and 9 for example.

As further illustratedin FIGS. 3'and'4 are divided into sections of suitable length and interconnected by prefabricated elements 120.

it should also be noted that thewall's 14, w

. long buildings: l

hichhaveit been identified generally asI-bearingwalls. in some cases, depending on the structural strength require-1v ments of each individual building,- may bearing partition walls.

include non-f While the preferred forms of the method of the presa ent invention have been herein illustrated and ,described, various modifications and changes -may be made. within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What -I claim is: I 1. In the method of errecting and constructing multi story buildings. at: the construction site. whereby the ceiling and flooring elements are supported on vertically-disposed bearing walls and in which the elements may be manufactured in horizontal relation by casting on site, and in which the elements are errected to their installed positions by pivoting the bearing walls to a vertical position between the floor and ceiling ele- C. elevatinge jrnents. characterized by the steps of: y p g l AL temporarily installing a plurality of removable columns'in geometric arrangement relative to the size and shape of the building'Ibeing errected;

J. g B; pivotally; connecting adjacent edges of certain 01 the bearing elements and floor and ceiling eleertain of the bearing elements and floor and ceiling elements.'as a sandwiched unit. relative "toIthe. temporarycolumns andtemporarily retaining them thereat whereby the elements have-suffiigcientstren'gth in their sandwiched relationship to resist strains placed thereon; f

D. pivoting the bearing elementsinto vertical loadbearing relation relative to the floor and ceiling elements; it,

- E, lowering the floor and ceiling elements into simple beam-supported relationship relative to saidbearing elements; and

D. removing the temporary columns whereby the pri' mary bearing load support, ceiling and floor skeleton of the building is assembled without using col umns and the like in the multi-story building.

2. The method asset forthrin claim I further characterized by the step of pre-assembling the elements ir such a pivoted relation and automatically crrecting the bearing elements as the floor and ceiling elements are raised. 

1. In the method of errecting and constructing multi-story buildings, at the construction site, whereby the ceiling and flooring elements are supported on vertically-disposed bearing walLs and in which the elements may be manufactured in horizontal relation by casting on site, and in which the elements are errected to their installed positions by pivoting the bearing walls to a vertical position between the floor and ceiling elements, characterized by the steps of: A. temporarily installing a plurality of removable columns in geometric arrangement relative to the size and shape of the building being errected; B. pivotally connecting adjacent edges of certain of the bearing elements and floor and ceiling elements; C. elevating certain of the bearing elements and floor and ceiling elements, as a sandwiched unit, relative to the temporary columns and temporarily retaining them thereat whereby the elements have sufficient strength in their sandwiched relationship to resist strains placed thereon; D. pivoting the bearing elements into vertical load-bearing relation relative to the floor and ceiling elements; E. lowering the floor and ceiling elements into simple beamsupported relationship relative to said bearing elements; and D. removing the temporary columns whereby the primary bearing load support, ceiling and floor skeleton of the building is assembled without using columns and the like in the multi-story building.
 2. The method as set forth in claim 1 further characterized by the step of pre-assembling the elements in such a pivoted relation and automatically errecting the bearing elements as the floor and ceiling elements are raised. 